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This is defined as a failure of the cervix to dilate beyond a certain point, as a failure of the presenting part to descend, or as a failure of the woman to give birth after being in labor for a specified number of hours. Its only cause should be cephalo-pelvic disproportion (where the baby’s head is too large for your pelvis) but is more commonly due to tension, of which you may not consciously be aware, preventing you from dilating.

This is unlikely to happen at home, where women are more likely to be allowed to labor for as long as necessary without arbitrary time limits set upon the length of their labor. The only situation where home is not likely to be less inhibiting than hospital is where you have someone present who is clearly anxious or disapproving...

This objection will depend very much on what happened before, but need not necessarily be discouraging, even if you have previously had a Caesarean section. You may, however, find it hard to get a booking, although it still remains your right. It is up to the health authority to make the best possible provision for your individual circumstances; this might include taking some blood for crossmatching in the event of your needing a blood transfusion, and making sure the midwife who attends you is experienced and has some back-up.

There are in fact a number of good reasons for having a baby at home after encountering difficulties with a previous birth, all of which contribute to reducing the chances of it happening again...

We generally talk about ART as occurring in cycles. A cycle of ART begins with the stimulation of the woman’s ovaries to produce eggs (oocytes). Commercially produced gonadotrophin (ovary-stimulating) hormones are used in higher than usual doses to stimulate «super-ovulation,» or more eggs than would normally be produced and brought to maturity in one cycle. The development of these oocytes is monitored by ultrasound until they are ready to be released from the ovary (ovulation). Ultrasound checks are performed at least three or four times in the early part of the cycle, sometimes every day, along with measurements of estrogen and other hormones. Maturation of the oocytes is then brought about by giving a syntheric form of luteinizing hormone, a pituitary hormone related to ovulation...

Placental insufficiency is a condition where there is a reduction in the placenta’s ability to sustain the baby. The placenta or afterbirth is the organ within the uterus where the baby’s blood vessels exchange waste products from the baby’s system for oxygen and other nutrients supplied by the mother’s blood. If the placenta either does not develop normally or starts to deteriorate for some reason, the baby will go short of essential materials for growth. This will be apparent if your uterus is not growing at the expected rate and may be demonstrated by ultrasound. Placental insufficiency can be caused by raised blood pressure, smoking, syphilis, diabetes and bleeding in pregnancy.

You can be reasonably sure that your placenta is functioning well if you are aware of the baby kicking frequ...

Be mindful that a tremendous emotional toll can be exacted by the cycle-to-cycle swings of hopefulness and grief, even if they are eventually followed by triumph. It takes a strong relationship to hold up under these stresses. Besides the natural emotional aspects of all of this, you will also be subject to yo-yo mood swings because of the hormones used in ART. Here are a couple of stories of real people that illustrate what we’re talking about.

Sydney was a teacher, in fact she was head of a prestigious private high school. She and Tom had married in their mid-thirties and were busy with their careers until, when Sydney was 41, they realized that they wanted to have a family before it was too late...

On rare occasions — statistically more rarely than in hospital — a baby delivered at home dies, either before it is born or shortly afterwards. This is always a tragedy and there really is no consolation. However there are aspects of stillbirth or neonatal death at home from which bereaved families draw some comfort. (If you feel that your baby would not have died if you had been in hospital then the following considerations will be of no help at all.)

If his or her death seems to be inevitable or unpreventable, you may prefer that your baby is born at home...

Opting for delivery by your community midwives is not necessarily straightforward. Local health trusts vary in their enthusiasm for providing a home birth service, so that near neighbours may get a completely different service. The midwives, from the most senior, the director of midwifery services, downwards may feel obliged to deter you, either as a result of their own beliefs or because they are so instructed by their health authority policy. It seems likely that there would be many more home births if women were given a real choice in the matter, but all too frequently they find it difficult to ask for one or find that, if they do, they are further put off by the attitude of the midwife they first speak to.

It may be that the policy in your area is one of discouraging home birth and tha...

DVT is a risk for any pregnant woman, because in pregnancy, there are physiologic changes that enhance the blood clotting mechanisms of the blood, preparing the body for the separation of the placenta and the minor tearing that accompanies most normal deliveries. These changes set the stage for one of the significant causes of maternal mortalityЎЄpulmonary embolism. (A thrombus or thrombosis is a blood clot forming within a vein, usually a vein of the legs or pelvis. An embolus is a thrombus that breaks free of its attachment to the blood vessel wall and travels in the bloodstream to a major organ, such as the brain, lungs, or heart, causing serious illness or even death...

It is not common for a woman under 50 to have cancer, but it is not rare, either, and the frequency of cancer is increasing. Breast cancer and cervical cancer and precancer are the most common types. In the United States, there are approximately 3,500 cancer-complicated pregnancies each year.

Most women who have had cancer have an acutely heightened sense of their own mortality and fear that they may not live to see their child grown. For a woman whose overall prognosis is good, the increased risk of early death is not tremendous. However, each cancer survivor should visit this issue and come to peace with it. If you wish to get pregnant, consider these questions...

Every mother is a working mother, but some also work outside their homes. If you are already established in your work, you may have the status and the accrued salary advances that come with experience; you may have seniority or the benefits of a unionized job; you may have accrued additional weeks of vacation and other advantages of long employment. Wherever you are in your work life, your employment situation and goals will have to be considered as you approach motherhood, whether for the first time or again.

Which Path to Take?
There are three basic questions you need to ask yourself before you bring your baby homeЎЄlong before. They are:

— Do I want to work full time after I have my baby?
— Do I want to be a stay-at-home mother?
— Do I want to work, but with reduced hours and perhaps ...